सुकर्णो

Hareshwar Roy,


सुकर्णो

सुकर्णो इंडोनेशियाई मुक्ति आंदोलन के इतिहास में एक चमकता नाम है। इस प्रमुख व्यक्ति का जन्म 6 जून, 1901 को जावा के सुरबाया में हुआ था। उनका जन्म एक स्कूल शिक्षक के परिवार में हुआ था। उन्होंने बांडुंग टेक्नोलॉजिकल इंस्टीट्यूट से सिविल इंजीनियर के रूप में स्नातक किया। उन्होंने इतिहास और समाजशास्त्र का गहरा ज्ञान प्राप्त किया। अपनी युवावस्था में उन्होंने बांडुंग स्टडी क्लब के संगठन में भाग लिया। इस क्लब ने डच औपनिवेशिक अधिकारियों के साथ सहयोग को अस्वीकार करने का आह्वान किया। जब 4 जुलाई, 1927 को इंडोनेशिया की राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी की स्थापना हुई, तो सुकर्णो इसके पहले अध्यक्ष बने। सुकर्णो को 1929 में उपनिवेश विरोधी गतिविधियों के लिए गिरफ्तार किया गया था। मुकदमे में उन्होंने औपनिवेशिक अधिकारियों के अपराधों को उजागर किया। उसी मुकदमे में उन्होंने इंडोनेशियाई लोगों के अधिकारों का मुद्दा उठाया। अदालत के शानदार भाषण ने उनकी लोकप्रियता में इजाफा किया। अपनी रिहाई के बाद उन्होंने अपनी राजनीतिक गतिविधियों को जारी रखा। 1933 में एक बार फिर उन्हें गिरफ्तार कर लिया गया और नौ साल के लिए जेल में डाल दिया गया। इंडोनेशिया पर जापानी कब्जे के दौरान, सुकर्णो ने सैन्य अधिकारियों के साथ अच्छे संबंध बनाए रखे। उसने डच शासन की वापसी को रोकने के लिए ऐसा किया। उसी समय, उन्होंने भूमिगत राष्ट्रीय और देशभक्ति संगठनों की सहायता की।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

Popular Posts

The Bangle Sellers by Sarojini Naidu: Multiple Choice Questions with Answers

Hareshwar Roy,
The Bangle Sellers: Sarojini Naidu 01. Who is Sarojini Naidu? (a) A doctor (b) A lawyer (c) A poet (d) A reporter Ans: (c) A poet 02. When was Sarojini Naidu born? (a) 13 February 1879 (b) 2 March 1881 (c) 8 September 1877 (d) 27 January 1884 Ans: (a) 13 February 1879 03. Where was Sarojini Naidu born? (a) Hyderabad (b) Mumbai (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai Ans: (a) Hyderabad 04. Who is known as the ‘Nightingale of India’? (a) Asha Bhonsale (b) Lata Mangeskar (c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Suraiya Ans: (c) Sarojini Naidu 05. Sarojini Naidu is known as the Nightingale of: (a) India (b) Pakistan (c) England (d) China Ans: (a) India 06. What was the nickname of Sarojini Naidu? (a) Nightingale of India (b) Queen of Poetry (c) Lady of Freedom (d) Princess of Literature Ans: (a) Nightingale of India 07. Which Indian University did Sarojini Naidu attend? (a) Calcutta (b) Bombay (c) Madras (d) Delhi Ans: (c) Madras 08. Which University of England did Sarojini Naidu attend? (a) University of Edinburgh ...
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On the Rule of the Road by A.G. Gardiner: A complete Study

Hareshwar Roy,
On the Rule of the Road: A.G. Gardiner A. TEXT: A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for foot-passengers, but she replied: "I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now." It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the foot-passenger to walk down the middle of the road it also entitled the cab-driver to drive on the pavement, and that the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy. There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be p...
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Where the Mind is without Fear: Objective Type Questions

Hareshwar Roy,
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  (i) The poem 'Where the Mind is Without Fear' is written by: a. Rabindranath Tagore b. Sarojini Naidu c. William Wordsworth d. Toru Dutt Answer: a. Rabindranath Tagore (ii) Rabindranath Tagore is a well-known poet from: a. Orissa b. West Bengal c. Bihar d. Kerla Answer: b. West Bengal (iii) Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in the year: a. 1931 b. 1921 c. 1913 d. 1945 Answer: c. 1913 (iv) Which of the following is a very famous work by Tagore? a. Sharadhanjali b. Gitanjali c. Geetmala d. Savitri Answer: b. Gitanjali (v) What is meant by the sub clause 'Where the mind is without fear and head is held high': a. To be fearless and self respecting b. To be proud of one's high position c. To stand straight d. To be fearless and haughty Answer: a. To be fearless and self respecting (vi) According to Tagore what is meant by the sub-clause 'Where knowledge is free'? a. Where people do not have to pay for education b. Where people ha...
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A Hero by R.K. Narayan: Summary

Hareshwar Roy,
A Hero is a beautiful short story by R.K. Narayan. This story is about a 9 year old boy named Swami. He lives in Malgudi with his parents and grandmother. He has the habit of sleeping with his grandmother. This irritates his father. This short story presents the traumatic experiences of Swami. By accident he catches one of the most notorious house breakers of his district and becomes a hero. The story opens with Swami's father. He is reading a newspaper article about the bravery of a small boy. He calls Swami and tells the story of that boy who saves himself from the tiger. Swami is not ready to accept that story. He feels that the story is imaginary. But Swami's father tells him about the importance of courage. Swami now gets a challenge to sleep alone in his office room. Swami is scared and he does not want to accept that fearful challenge. He tries to divert the discussion. But his father is adamant. He forces him to sleep in his office. At last he has to follow the or...
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The Cherry Tree (Text) by Ruskin Bond: A Complete Study

Hareshwar Roy,
  The Cherry Tree:  Ruskin Bond One day, when Rakesh was six, he walked from the Mussoorie bazaar eating cherries. They were a little sweet, a little sour; small, bright red cherries, which had come all the way from the Kashmir valley.Here in the Himalayan foothills where Rakesh lived, there were not many fruit trees. The soil was stony, and the dry cold winds stunted the growth of most plants. But on the more sheltered slopes there were forests of oak and deodar. Rakesh lived with his grandfather on the outskirts of Mussoorie, just where the forest began. Rakesh was on his way home from school when he bought the cherries. He paid fifty paisa for the bunch. It took him about half an hour to walk home, and by the time he reached the cottage there were only three cherries left. ‘Have a cherry, grandfather,’ he said, as soon as he saw grandfather in the garden. Grand father took one cherry and Rakesh promptly ate the other two. He kept the last seed in his mouth for some time, ro...
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