सुकर्णो

Hareshwar Roy,


सुकर्णो

सुकर्णो इंडोनेशियाई मुक्ति आंदोलन के इतिहास में एक चमकता नाम है। इस प्रमुख व्यक्ति का जन्म 6 जून, 1901 को जावा के सुरबाया में हुआ था। उनका जन्म एक स्कूल शिक्षक के परिवार में हुआ था। उन्होंने बांडुंग टेक्नोलॉजिकल इंस्टीट्यूट से सिविल इंजीनियर के रूप में स्नातक किया। उन्होंने इतिहास और समाजशास्त्र का गहरा ज्ञान प्राप्त किया। अपनी युवावस्था में उन्होंने बांडुंग स्टडी क्लब के संगठन में भाग लिया। इस क्लब ने डच औपनिवेशिक अधिकारियों के साथ सहयोग को अस्वीकार करने का आह्वान किया। जब 4 जुलाई, 1927 को इंडोनेशिया की राष्ट्रवादी पार्टी की स्थापना हुई, तो सुकर्णो इसके पहले अध्यक्ष बने। सुकर्णो को 1929 में उपनिवेश विरोधी गतिविधियों के लिए गिरफ्तार किया गया था। मुकदमे में उन्होंने औपनिवेशिक अधिकारियों के अपराधों को उजागर किया। उसी मुकदमे में उन्होंने इंडोनेशियाई लोगों के अधिकारों का मुद्दा उठाया। अदालत के शानदार भाषण ने उनकी लोकप्रियता में इजाफा किया। अपनी रिहाई के बाद उन्होंने अपनी राजनीतिक गतिविधियों को जारी रखा। 1933 में एक बार फिर उन्हें गिरफ्तार कर लिया गया और नौ साल के लिए जेल में डाल दिया गया। इंडोनेशिया पर जापानी कब्जे के दौरान, सुकर्णो ने सैन्य अधिकारियों के साथ अच्छे संबंध बनाए रखे। उसने डच शासन की वापसी को रोकने के लिए ऐसा किया। उसी समय, उन्होंने भूमिगत राष्ट्रीय और देशभक्ति संगठनों की सहायता की।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

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Abhigyan Shakuntalam: A Summary

Hareshwar Roy,
Abhigyan Shakuntalam: A Summary Introduction: Kalidasa is a major poet and playwright in classical Sanskrit literature. It is he who composed Abhigyan Shakuntalam . This play starts with a Prologue. This Prologue consists of benediction and a conversation between the director and an actress. The benediction is performed before the beginning of the play. The benediction is an invocation to Lord Siva. The actor-manager and the actress talk about the play of the day. The readers are informed that a new play by Kalidasa is going to be staged. On the request of the manager, the actress sings a romantic song about the summer season for the audience. Act One: Act I of Abhigyan Shakuntalam begins with the description of the summer season by the narrator. He also introduces king Dushyanta who is on hunt. Chasing a deer king Dushyanta enters the ashram of sage Kanva in his chariot. He has bow and arrow in his hands. The king aims at the deer but an ascetic forbids him to hunt in the premises...
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On the Rule of the Road by A.G. Gardiner: A complete Study

Hareshwar Roy,
On the Rule of the Road: A.G. Gardiner A. TEXT: A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for foot-passengers, but she replied: "I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now." It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the foot-passenger to walk down the middle of the road it also entitled the cab-driver to drive on the pavement, and that the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy. There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be p...
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A Short Note on Saussure' concept of sign, signifier and signified.

Hareshwar Roy,
A Short Note on Saussure' concept of sign, signifier and signified. Ferdinand de Saussure is a Swiss linguist. He is known for his significant work in the field of structural linguistics. His chief contribution is the concept of the sign, signifier, and signified. This concept forms the foundation of semiotics, the study of signs and their meaning. Saussure's ideas have had a profound impact on linguistics. According to Saussure, a sign is composed of two inseparable components. They are the signifier and the signified. The signifier refers to the physical form of the sign. It can be a sound, a written word, an image, a gesture, or any other sensory stimulus. It is the concrete representation of the sign. The signified is the conceptual or mental content associated with the sign. It represents the meaning or the idea conveyed by the signifier. The signified is not a concrete entity. It is an abstract concept that exists in our minds. It is subjective. It can vary between ...
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Longinus: Sources of Sublimity

Hareshwar Roy,
INTRODUCTION: Longinus is one of the greatest Greek critics. His position is only next to Aristotle. His 'On the Sublime' is an immortal critical document of great worth and significance. It deals wit h the principle of sublimity in the world of writing. Here Longinus discusses the meaning, the nature and the sources of sublime. He distinguishes the true sublime from the false sublime. He advises how to overcome the vices of sublime. His suggestions are of permanent and paramount value. WHAT IS SUBLIMITY: Sublimity is a certain loftiness, distinction and consummation of excellence in language, expression and composition. It is the echo of a great soul. It raises style above the ordinary. Some persons are of the view that sublimity is a gift of nature. They think that it has nothing to do with art. But one should not forget that nature needs the help of art to control its wild impulses. In fact, both nature and art contribute to sublimity in literature. According to L...
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Patriotism beyond Politics and Religion: APJ Kalam (Text)

Hareshwar Roy,
Patriotism beyond Politics and Religion: APJ Kalam (Text) I call to my people to rise to greatness. It is a call to all Indians to rise to their highest capabilities. What are the forces which lead to the rise or fall of nations? And what are the factors which go to make a nation strong? Three factors are invariably found in a strong nation; a collective pride in its achievements, unity and the ability for combined action. For a people and a nation to rise to the highest, they must have a common memory of great heroes and exploits, of great adventures and triumphs in the past. If the British rose to great heights it is because they had great heroes to admire, men like Lord Nelson, say, or the Duke of Wellington. Japan represents a fine example of national pride. The Japanese are proud of being one people, having one culture, and because of that they could transform a humiliating military defeat into a triumphant economic victory. All nations which have risen to greatness have be...
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