Twelfth Night: About Nomenclature (हिंदी में)

Hareshwar Roy,
Twelfth Night: About Nomenclature

विलियम शेक्सपियर ने अपने tragedies का शीर्षक नायक या नायिका अथवा दोनों के नाम पर रखा है लेकिन comedies के मामले में उन्होंने इस नियम का पालन नहीं किया है। उन्होंने इन्हें द मर्चेंट ऑफ वेनिस, मच एडो अबाउट नथिंग, ए मिडसमर नाइट्स ड्रीम, एज़ यू लाइक इट, द टैमिंग ऑफ द श्रू और ट्वेल्थ नाइट जैसे बहुत ही आकर्षक और विचारोत्तेजक शीर्षक दिए हैं। इन सभी मामलों में शीर्षक नाटक की आत्मा की झलक देते हैं।
The Twelfth Night के दो शीर्षक हैं और दोनों ही बहुत विचारोत्तेजक हैं। पहला शीर्षक Twelfth Night एक हल्के और हास्यपूर्ण स्वभाव का सुझाव देता है। ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि जिस दिन यह कॉमेडी प्रदर्शित की जानी थी वह मौज-मस्ती के दिन से जुड़ा था। एलिज़ाबेथन काल के दौरान छह जनवरी को एक महत्वपूर्ण त्योहार के रूप में बड़े उत्साह के साथ मनाया जाता था। यह दिन क्रिसमस के बाद बारहवां दिन था। यह दिवस मूल रूप से इंग्लैंड में तीर्थयात्रियों के रूप में मैजाई के आगमन दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता था। इस दिन नाटकों का मंचन की परम्परा थी। विलियम शेक्सपियर ने संभवतः इसी दिन के मंचन के लिए Twelfth Night नामक नाटक की रचना की थी। इसलिए यह शीर्षक एक विशेष त्योहार के साथ नाटक के जुड़ाव को दर्शाता है।
इसके अलावा उस दिन एक बहुत ही अनोखी प्रथा का पालन किया जाता था। एक सेम और एक मटर सहित एक बड़ा केक तैयार किया जाता था। इसे Twelfth Cake कहा जाता था। इस केक को इस अवसर पर एकत्रित हुए देवियों और सज्जनों के बीच लॉटरी द्वारा बाँट दिया जाता था। भाग्य से जो महिला और सज्जन क्रमशः मटर और सेम के टुकड़े प्राप्त करते थे उन्हें उस दिवस के लिए रानी और राजा के रूप में स्वीकार किया जाता था। यह भाग्य ही है जो Twelfth Night में पति और पत्नी के चयन में बहुत महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि इस नाटक का कथानक इसी प्राचीन रीति-रिवाज पर आधारित है। अतः यह शीर्षक Twelfth Night अत्यंत उपयुक्त है।
नाटक का उपशीर्षक है What You Will। यह शीर्षक पहले वाले शीर्षक Twelfth Night से भी अधिक आकर्षक और उपयुक्त है। यह अनेक विचारों का सूचक है। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि नाटककार इस नाटक के शीर्षक के प्रति अपनी उदासीनता दर्शाता है और ऐसा लगता है कि शेक्सपियर यह कहना चाहते हैं कि मैंने एक विशेष अवसर के लिये इस नाटक की रचना की है। आप इसे जो चाहें कह सकते हैं।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Currently Dr. Roy is working as Professor of English at Govt. P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. He is the author of the following books: (1) Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji (2) A Study of M.G. Vassanji 's Novels (3) Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji & Rohinton Mistry (4)Diaspora & Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study (5) Short Notes of English Literature - I (6) Short Notes of English Literature - II (7) हमार पहचान ह भोजपुरी - भोजपुरी कविता संकलन (8) हमरा प्यार हो गइल - भोजपुरी गज़ल संकलन (9) भोजपुरी कविताएँ

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