Untouchable by Mulk Raj Anand: The Central Theme ('अनटचेबल' (Untouchable) का मुख्य विषय)

Hareshwar Roy,
Untouchable by Mulk Raj Anand: The Central Theme
('अनटचेबल' (Untouchable) का मुख्य विषय)


मुल्क राज आनंद के उपन्यास 'अनटचेबल' (Untouchable) का मुख्य विषय भारतीय जाति व्यवस्था की भयंकर भयावहता, अन्याय और क्रूरता है। यह उपन्यास छुआछूत की सामाजिक बुराई और मानवीय गरिमा पर इसके विनाशकारी प्रभाव पर गहराई से ध्यान केंद्रित करता है। बाखा नामक एक युवा सफाईकर्मी लड़के के दर्दनाक अनुभवों के माध्यम से, यह पुस्तक उजागर करती है कि कैसे एक इंसान के साथ केवल उसके जन्म के कारण जानवरों से भी बदतर व्यवहार किया जाता है। कहानी का हर एक प्रसंग उस गहरी सामाजिक रूढ़िवादिता, अलगाव और व्यवस्थागत शोषण को रेखांकित करता है जिसका सामना निचली जाति के समुदाय को हर दिन करना पड़ता है।

इस पीड़ा से जुड़ा एक अन्य प्रमुख उप-विषय शोषितों द्वारा महसूस किया जाने वाला तीव्र मानसिक आघात और लाचारी है। बाखा मजबूत और मेहनती है, फिर भी जब भी सार्वजनिक रूप से उसका अपमान किया जाता है या उसे थप्पड़ मारा जाता है, तो वह अपना स्वाभिमान निगलने और अपना गुस्सा दबाने के लिए मजबूर हो जाता है। यह उपन्यास विद्रोह करने की उसकी स्वाभाविक इच्छा और सदियों के सामाजिक संस्कारों के भारी बोझ के बीच के उसके आंतरिक संघर्ष को बखूबी दर्शाता है, जो उसे झुकने पर मजबूर करता है। भावनाओं का यह निरंतर दमन यह दिखाता है कि छुआछूत केवल किसी व्यक्ति को शारीरिक या आर्थिक रूप से चोट नहीं पहुँचाती; यह उसकी आत्मा, आत्म-सम्मान और मानसिक शांति को पूरी तरह से कुचल देती है।

अंत में, यह उपन्यास भारत से इस सामाजिक बुराई को समाप्त करने के लिए तीन अलग-अलग रास्तों या समाधानों की तलाश करता है। पहला विकल्प ईसाई मिशनरियों का कार्य है जो धर्म परिवर्तन के माध्यम से समानता की पेशकश करते हैं। दूसरा महात्मा गांधी की शक्तिशाली राजनीतिक और आध्यात्मिक पुकार है, जो उच्च जाति के हिंदुओं से अपने दिलों को शुद्ध करने और सफाईकर्मियों को समान समझने का आग्रह करती है, और उन्हें 'हरिजन' यानी ईश्वर की संतान नाम देती है। तीसरा और सबसे व्यावहारिक समाधान आधुनिक तकनीक है, विशेष रूप से फ्लश शौचालय की शुरुआत। आनंद का सुझाव है कि मशीनों के माध्यम से हाथ से मैला उठाने की प्रथा को समाप्त करके यह सामाजिक कलंक अपने आप मिट जाएगा, जिससे सच्चे अर्थों में मानवीय समानता का मार्ग प्रशस्त होगा।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Currently Dr. Roy is working as Professor of English at Govt. P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. He is the author of the following books: (1) Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji (2) A Study of M.G. Vassanji 's Novels (3) Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji & Rohinton Mistry (4)Diaspora & Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study (5) Short Notes of English Literature - I (6) Short Notes of English Literature - II (7) हमार पहचान ह भोजपुरी - भोजपुरी कविता संकलन (8) हमरा प्यार हो गइल - भोजपुरी गज़ल संकलन (9) भोजपुरी कविताएँ

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