क्रिस्टोफर मार्लो: एक महान नाटककार

Hareshwar Roy,

 क्रिस्टोफर मार्लो: एक महान नाटककार

क्रिस्टोफर मार्लो एलिजाबेथन इंग्लैंड के महानतम नाटककारों में से एक हैं। वह University Wits में सबसे चमकते सितारे थे। Powerful dramatic blank verse की स्थापना के लिए पूरे विश्व में उनकी सराहना की जाती है। नाटक लेखन के बहुत छोटे करियर के बावजूद, उनकी उपलब्धियां विविध और शानदार हैं। स्वाइनबर्न उन्हें पहला महान अंग्रेजी कवि, अंग्रेजी tragedy का जनक और blank verse का निर्माता कहते हैं।

क्रिस्टोफर मार्लो ने 26 फरवरी, 1564 को इंग्लैंड के कैंटरबरी में Parish church of St. George the Martyr में बपतिस्मा लिया था। वह कैंटरबरी के shoemaker जॉन मार्लो के पुत्र थे। उन्हें किट मार्लो के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। उनके शुरुआती साल कैंटरबरी में बीते। उन्होंने अपनी स्कूली शिक्षा किंग्स स्कूल कैंटरबरी में प्राप्त की। उसके बाद एक संरक्षक की मदद से वे 1581 में कैम्ब्रिज गए और 1583 में अपनी डिग्री प्राप्त की। आर्थर कॉम्पटन रिकेट कहते हैं, “1583 के बाद उनके जीवन के बारे में बहुत कम जानकारी है”।

क्रिस्टोफर मार्लो एक बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के धनी थे। उन्होंने उच्च ज्ञान प्राप्त किया जो उनके लेखन में प्रदर्शित होता है। जब 1587 में Tamburlaine नामक उनका पहला नाटक प्रकाश में आया तो उन्हें तुरंत लोकप्रियता मिल गई। इस नाटक को इसकी गजब के प्रभाव, blank verse पर शानदार नियंत्रण और सुंदरता के प्रति इसकी संवेदनशीलता के कारण पूरे इंग्लैंड में सराहा गया।

मार्लो लंबे समय तक जीवित नहीं रहे। इस बहुमुखी नाटककार की 1593 में हत्या कर दी गई थी। अपने जीवन की छोटी सी अवधि के दौरान मार्लो पुनर्जागरण के सर्वश्रेष्ठ प्रतिनिधि के रूप में दिखाई दिए। उनका सबसे प्रसिद्ध नाटक Dr. Faustus है। उनके अन्य नाटक हैं - Tamburlaine, The Jew of Malta, Edward II, The Tragedy of Dido and The Massacre of Paris.

अंग्रेजी नाटक के मामले में मार्लो का योगदान सराहनीय है। उन्होंने अंग्रेजी नाटक को एक नया साँचा, तकनीक, अवधारणा और छंद प्रदान करके उसे नया रूप दिया। उनका अपना बेतरतीब और बेचैन जीवन उनके नाटकों में शानदार अभिव्यक्ति पाता है। मार्लो के नाटक वीरतापूर्ण विषयों से संबंधित हैं। उन्होंने नाटक के विषय को उच्च स्तर पर उठाया। मार्लो ने पहली बार tragedy के नायक को व्यक्तित्व और गरिमा प्रदान की। उन्होंने नाटक को passion and Poetry प्रदान दी। उन्होंने tragedies को बड़े पैमाने पर डिजाइन करने की कला सिखाई। उन्होंने blank verse को नाटकीय भावों के लिए उपयुक्त माध्यम बनाया। नाटक को acts और scenes में विभाजित करने वाले पहले नाटककार मार्लो ही थे। मार्लो ने आने वाले नाटककारों के लिए नाटक का एक ठोस आधार तैयार किया।

Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

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