टैगोर: एक परिचय

Hareshwar Roy,
टैगोर: एक परिचय
टैगोर गुरुदेव के नाम से प्रसिद्ध हैं। वे एक बहुत ही महान भारतीय कवि हैं। एक महान कवि के रूप में उन्हें अंतर्राष्ट्रीय पहचान मिली है। सन 1913 ईस्वी में उन्हें साहित्य का नोबेल पुरस्कार प्रदान किया गया।
7 मई, 1861 को टैगोर का जन्म कलकत्ता में हुआ था। उनके पिताजी का नाम देवेंद्रनाथ था। देवेंद्रनाथ ब्रह्म समाज नामक धार्मिक समाज के संस्थापकों में से एक थे। टैगोर वास्तव में एक बहुमुखी प्रतिभा के धनी थे। उनकी साहित्यिक कृतियों में कथाएँ, निबंध, लघु कथाएँ, यात्रा वृतांत, नाटक और कई लोकप्रिय गीत शामिल हैं। लेकिन लोग मुख्य रूप से उन्हें एक कवि के रूप में जानते हैं। इसी टैगोर ने भारत के राष्ट्रगान ‘जन गण मन’ की रचना की है। उन्होंने ही बांग्लादेश के राष्ट्रगान ‘अमार सोनार बांग्ला’ की भी रचना की है।
टैगोर ने साहित्य की सभी विधाओं को कुशलता से संभाला। उनकी बहुमुखी प्रतिभा, उनके साहित्यिक संग्रह और उनके लेखन की गुणवत्ता के कारण उन्हें 'भारतीय पुनर्जागरण के लियोनार्डो दा विंची' की उपाधि प्राप्त हुई। लेकिन मुख्य रूप से कविता ने ही उन्हें विश्व लोकप्रियता दिलाई।
टैगोर का साहित्यिक कैनवास विशाल है। इसमें बहुत सारी शैली शामिल हैं। टैगोर को 15वीं और 16वीं शताब्दी के कवियों से प्रेरणा मिली। वे व्यास और अन्य शुरुआती लेखकों से भी प्रेरित थे। बंगाल के बालू लोक गायकों ने भी उनकी कविता शैली को प्रभावित किया।
टैगोर के संपूर्ण काव्य जीवन को तीन खंडों में विभाजित किया जा सकता है:
(i) पूर्व गीतांजलि काल (1875-1911)
(ii) गीतांजलि काल (1912-1913)
(iii) गीतांजलि के बाद का काल (1914-1941)
पूर्व गीतांजलि काल में टैगोर प्रकृति और मनुष्य के सह-सम्बन्ध का अध्ययन करते हैं; गीतांजलि काल में वे ईश्वर और मनुष्य के सह-सम्बन्ध का अध्ययन करते हैं; और गीतांजलि के बाद के काल में वे मनुष्य और मनुष्य के सह-सम्बन्ध का अध्ययन करते हैं।
टैगोर की कविता मुख्यतः गेय है। यह प्रेम, धर्म, देशभक्ति, प्रकृति, बचपन और मानवता से संबंधित है। उनकी कविता मुख्य रूप से ईश्वर के प्रति प्रेम, प्रकृति के प्रति प्रेम और मानवता के लिए प्रेम से संबंधित है। उन्हें मानवता, विश्व बंधुत्व, सत्य, न्याय और समानता का महान गायक कहा जा सकता है। वह स्वतंत्रता, निडरता, सच्चाई और तर्क के लिए जुनून से भरपूर है। उनका प्रसिद्ध गीत व्हेयर द माइंड इज विदाउट फियर देशभक्ति, राष्ट्रवाद और भारतीयता से भरपूर है। टैगोर को उनके सबसे प्रसिद्ध संग्रह गीतांजलि के लिए दुनिया भर में जाना जाता है
संक्षेप में, टैगोर हमारे देश भारत के प्रतिनिधि कवि हैं। वे हमेशा मातृभूमि की भलाई के लिए गाते हैं। वे अपने देशवासियों को उनके पूर्वजों द्वारा प्रतिपादित आदर्शों पर चलने के लिए प्रेरित करने का प्रयास करते हैं। वे हमेशा वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम के प्राचीन भारतीय सिद्धांत की सराहना करते हैं।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

Popular Posts

Longinus: Sources of Sublimity

Hareshwar Roy,
INTRODUCTION: Longinus is one of the greatest Greek critics. His position is only next to Aristotle. His 'On the Sublime' is an immortal critical document of great worth and significance. It deals wit h the principle of sublimity in the world of writing. Here Longinus discusses the meaning, the nature and the sources of sublime. He distinguishes the true sublime from the false sublime. He advises how to overcome the vices of sublime. His suggestions are of permanent and paramount value. WHAT IS SUBLIMITY: Sublimity is a certain loftiness, distinction and consummation of excellence in language, expression and composition. It is the echo of a great soul. It raises style above the ordinary. Some persons are of the view that sublimity is a gift of nature. They think that it has nothing to do with art. But one should not forget that nature needs the help of art to control its wild impulses. In fact, both nature and art contribute to sublimity in literature. According to L...
Read more

On the Rule of the Road by A.G. Gardiner: A complete Study

Hareshwar Roy,
On the Rule of the Road: A.G. Gardiner A. TEXT: A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself. It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for foot-passengers, but she replied: "I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now." It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the foot-passenger to walk down the middle of the road it also entitled the cab-driver to drive on the pavement, and that the end of such liberty would be universal chaos. Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere. Individual liberty would have become social anarchy. There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket, and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means. It means that in order that the liberties of all may be p...
Read more

Abhigyan Shakuntalam: A Summary

Hareshwar Roy,
Abhigyan Shakuntalam: A Summary Introduction: Kalidasa is a major poet and playwright in classical Sanskrit literature. It is he who composed Abhigyan Shakuntalam . This play starts with a Prologue. This Prologue consists of benediction and a conversation between the director and an actress. The benediction is performed before the beginning of the play. The benediction is an invocation to Lord Siva. The actor-manager and the actress talk about the play of the day. The readers are informed that a new play by Kalidasa is going to be staged. On the request of the manager, the actress sings a romantic song about the summer season for the audience. Act One: Act I of Abhigyan Shakuntalam begins with the description of the summer season by the narrator. He also introduces king Dushyanta who is on hunt. Chasing a deer king Dushyanta enters the ashram of sage Kanva in his chariot. He has bow and arrow in his hands. The king aims at the deer but an ascetic forbids him to hunt in the premises...
Read more

Where the Mind is without Fear: Objective Type Questions

Hareshwar Roy,
Image
  (i) The poem 'Where the Mind is Without Fear' is written by: a. Rabindranath Tagore b. Sarojini Naidu c. William Wordsworth d. Toru Dutt Answer: a. Rabindranath Tagore (ii) Rabindranath Tagore is a well-known poet from: a. Orissa b. West Bengal c. Bihar d. Kerla Answer: b. West Bengal (iii) Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in the year: a. 1931 b. 1921 c. 1913 d. 1945 Answer: c. 1913 (iv) Which of the following is a very famous work by Tagore? a. Sharadhanjali b. Gitanjali c. Geetmala d. Savitri Answer: b. Gitanjali (v) What is meant by the sub clause 'Where the mind is without fear and head is held high': a. To be fearless and self respecting b. To be proud of one's high position c. To stand straight d. To be fearless and haughty Answer: a. To be fearless and self respecting (vi) According to Tagore what is meant by the sub-clause 'Where knowledge is free'? a. Where people do not have to pay for education b. Where people ha...
Read more

The Sundara Kanda: An Introduction

Hareshwar Roy,
Introduction: In Sanskrit literature Maharshi Valmiki is celebrated as the poet harbinger. His reputation as the father of Indian poetry seems to have been legendary. It is he who composed The Ramayana, an ancient Sanskrit epic. It forms an important part of the Hindu canon (Smriti). It deals with divine Lord Ram and his journey of life. It tells the story of Ram, an incarnation of the Hindu preserver-god Vishnu. Thematically, the epic explores the tenets of human existence and the concept of dharma. It is one of the two great epics of India, the other being the Mahabharata. It portrays ideal characters like the ideal servant, the ideal brother, the ideal wife and the ideal king. Valmiki’s Ramayana is one of the world's most remarkable classics and excels all in its moral appeal. It is full of lessons for all and deserves to be read with interest and profit by all lovers of healthy literature. It is noted for its poetic excellence. It stands equal in rank to the Vedas. It contai...
Read more