ब्लैक डेथ (काली मौत)

Hareshwar Roy,

 ब्लैक डेथ (काली मौत)

ब्लैक डेथ एक विनाशकारी वैश्विक महामारी थी। इसने यूरोप और एशिया को प्रभावित किया। आज के वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार यह प्लेग येर्सिना पेस्टिस नामक बेसिलस के कारण फैला। फ्रांसीसी जीवविज्ञानी एलेक्जेंडर यर्सिन ने 19वीं शताब्दी के अंत में इस रोगाणु की खोज की थी।

1348 के अगस्त में यह ब्लैक डेथ आई। कहा जाता है कि इसने एशिया से यूरोप की यात्रा की। इस भयानक महामारी ने यूरोपीय इतिहास की धारा ही बदल दी। इसने यूरोपीय आबादी के आधे से अधिक का सफाया कर दिया। यह पिस्सू द्वारा फैलाया गया था। पीड़ितों के शवों को सामूहिक कब्रों में दफनाया गया। उस समय का चिकित्सा विज्ञान असहाय हो गया था।
हेनरी नाइटन नाम के एक अधिकारी ने बताया था कि ब्रिस्टल की लगभग पूरी ताकत मर गई थी। उनके अनुसार कभी-कभी मौत चंद घंटों में ही हो जाती थी।
ए हिस्ट्री ऑफ इंग्लिश लिटरेचर में आर्थर कॉम्पटन रिकेट ने लिखा है कि इस विलक्षण मृत्यु दर का परिणाम श्रम की अचानक कमी थी। कानून की मदद से मजदूरी को नियंत्रण में रखने का प्रयास किया गया। क़ानूनों की एक श्रृंखला अधिनियमित की गई थी।
इतालवी कवि गियोवन्नी बोकाशियो ने बताया है कि यह रोग पुरुषों और महिलाओं को समान रूप से प्रभावित करता है। कपड़ों को छूने मात्र से स्पर्श करने वाले को व्याधि का संचार हो जाता था।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

Popular Posts

Urban by Nissim Ezekiel: A Critical Analysis

Hareshwar Roy,
  Urban by Nissim Ezekiel: A Critical Analysis Nissim Ezekiel's poem 'Urban' is a powerful look at modern city life. It shows how people living in big cities become disconnected from nature and from their own inner selves. The poem portrays the city as a place that looks busy and exciting on the outside, but feels lonely and empty on the inside. Ezekiel uses simple language to show a deep truth about how modern environments change human behavior and thoughts. The poem was published in 1960. It was included in Nissim Ezekiel's famous third book of poems titled The Unfinished Man . This collection is very important in Indian English literature because it focuses on the struggles, frustrations, and psychological problems of modern city dwellers. Through this book and this specific poem, Ezekiel established himself as a major voice of urban Indian poetry. The main theme of 'Urban' is the conflict between city life and nature. It explores how urban spaces trap ...
Read more

A Hero by R.K. Narayan: Summary

Hareshwar Roy,
A Hero is a beautiful short story by R.K. Narayan. This story is about a 9 year old boy named Swami. He lives in Malgudi with his parents and grandmother. He has the habit of sleeping with his grandmother. This irritates his father. This short story presents the traumatic experiences of Swami. By accident he catches one of the most notorious house breakers of his district and becomes a hero. The story opens with Swami's father. He is reading a newspaper article about the bravery of a small boy. He calls Swami and tells the story of that boy who saves himself from the tiger. Swami is not ready to accept that story. He feels that the story is imaginary. But Swami's father tells him about the importance of courage. Swami now gets a challenge to sleep alone in his office room. Swami is scared and he does not want to accept that fearful challenge. He tries to divert the discussion. But his father is adamant. He forces him to sleep in his office. At last he has to follow the or...
Read more

Chicago Speech (1893): Swami Vivekananda

Hareshwar Roy,
Chicago Speech (1893): Swami Vivekananda Sisters and Brothers of America , It fills my heart with joy unspeakable to rise in response to the warm and cordial welcome which you have given us. I thank you in the name of the most ancient order of monks in the world; I thank you in the name of the mother of religions; and I thank you in the name of the millions and millions of Hindu people of all classes and sects. My thanks, also, to some of the speakers on this platform who, referring to the delegates from the Orient , have told you that these men from far-off nations may well claim the honour of bearing to different lands the idea of toleration. I am proud to belong to a religion which has taught the world both tolerance and universal acceptance . We believe not only in universal toleration, but we accept all religions as true. I am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth. I am proud to tell y...
Read more

Tagore and Where the Mind is Without Fear

Hareshwar Roy,
Tagore and Where the Mind is Without Fear I. Tagore: An Introduction Tagore is a very great Indian poet. He was a versatile genius. It is he who got the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913. He was born in Calcutta on May 7, 1861. His literary works include fictions, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas and numerous popular songs. But it was poetry that brought world popularity for him. This very Tagore has composed Jana Gana Mana, the national anthem of India. He also has composed Amar Sonar Bangla, the national anthem of Bangladesh. His literary canvas is vast. It covers lots of style. Tagore skillfully handled all the genres of literature. He studies man in relation to Nature, man in relation to God and man in relation to man. Tagore's poetry is mainly lyrical. His poetry deals with love for God, love for nature and love for humanity. His famous song Where the Mind is Without Fear is full with patriotism, nationalism and Indianness. This great poet is known for his best know...
Read more

The Wonder that was India by A.L. Basham

Hareshwar Roy,
Hindu civilization will, we believe, retain its continuity. The Bhagavad Gita will not cease to inspire men of action, and the Upanishads men of thought. The charm and graciousness of the Indian way of life will continue, however much affected it may be by the labour- saving devices of the West People will still love the tales of the heroes of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, and of the loves of Dusyanta and Sakuntala and Pururavas and Urvasi. The quiet and gentle happiness which has at all times pervaded Indian life where oppression, disease and poverty have not overclouded it will surely not vanish before the more hectic ways of the West Much that was useless in ancient Indian culture has already perished. The extravagant and barbarous hecatombs of the Vedic age have long since been forgotten, though animal sacrifice continues in some sects. Widows have long ceased to be burnt on their husbands' pyres. Girls may not by law be married in childhood. In buses and trains all over...
Read more