लाला हरदयाल

Hareshwar Roy,


लाला हरदयाल एक प्रसिद्ध स्वतंत्रता सेनानी और भारत के एक महान विद्वान हैं। उन्होंने अपना सम्पूर्ण जीवन मातृभूमि की सेवा के लिए समर्पित कर दिया था। लाला जी गदर पार्टी के संस्थापक सदस्यों में से एक हैं।
लाला हरदयाल जी इतने महान क्रांतिकारी थे कि उन्होंने देश की सेवा के लिए अपना सिविल सेवा करियर छोड़ दिया। वे एक महान देशभक्त थे जो भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन का विरोध करने के लिए भारतीय स्वतंत्रता आंदोलन में शामिल हुए थे। उन्होंने विदेशों में रहने वाले भारतीयों में देशभक्ति की भावना फैलाने के लिए कई देशों का दौरा किया।
लालाजी कई महान भारतीय क्रांतिकारी शख्सियतों से प्रेरित थे। उनमें श्यामजी कृष्ण वर्मा, विनायक दामोदर सावरकर, भीखाजी कामा और कुछ अन्य उनके आदर्श थे। वे आर्य समाज के भी प्रबल अनुयायी थे। लालाजी अपने लेखन में मैजिनी, मार्क्स और मिखाइल बाकुनिन से प्रभावित थे।
लाला हरदयाल का जन्म 14 अक्टूबर, 1884 को दिल्ली में एक पंजाबी परिवार में हुआ था। भोली रानी उनकी माता थीं। उनके पिता का नाम गौरी दयाल माथुर था। श्री माथुर जिला न्यायालय में कर्मचारी थे। लालाजी का विवाह सुंदर रानी नामक संस्कारी कन्या से हुआ था।
लाला हरदयाल शुरू से ही बहुत मेधावी छात्र थे। उन्होंने कैम्ब्रिज मिशन स्कूल में पढ़ाई की। उन्होंने दिल्ली के सेंट स्टीफन कॉलेज से स्नातक की पढ़ाई की। उन्होंने पंजाब यूनिवर्सिटी से पोस्ट ग्रेजुएशन पूरा किया। 1905 में उन्हें अपने उच्च अध्ययन के लिए ऑक्सफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय की दो छात्रवृत्तियां मिलीं। लाला हरदयाल ने 1930 में लंदन विश्वविद्यालय से डॉक्टरेट की उपाधि प्राप्त की।
1907 में लाला हरदयाल ने अपनी छात्रवृत्ति छोड़ दी। उसी वर्ष, उन्होंने भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ 'द इंडियन सोशियोलॉजिस्ट' में एक पत्र प्रकाशित किया। इस वजह से उन्हें पुलिस की निगरानी में रखा गया था। वे 1908 में अपने देशवासियों को साम्राज्यवाद के खिलाफ प्रेरित करने के लिए भारत आए। भारत में उन्होंने प्रमुख समाचार पत्रों में ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ कठोर लेख लिखना शुरू कर दिया। इसके कारण सरकार उनके खिलाफ सख्त हो गई और उनके लेखन पर प्रतिबंध लगाने का फैसला किया। इसलिए वे जल्द ही वापस यूरोप लौट आये। उन्होंने उपनिवेशवाद के खिलाफ अपने राजनीतिक दर्शन का प्रसार करने के लिए फ्रांस और जर्मनी जैसे कई देशों का दौरा किया।
1909 में लाला हरदयालजी पेरिस गए और वंदे मातरम के संपादक बने। लेकिन बहुत जल्द ही वे अल्जीरिया चले गए। इसके बाद वे मार्टीनिक चले गए और तपस्वी जीवन जीने लगे। उन्होंने केवल उबला हुआ अनाज और सब्जियां खाना शुरू कर दिया, धरती पर सोना और एकांत स्थान पर ध्यान करना शुरू कर दिया। वहाँ वे आर्य समाज के भाई परमानंद के संपर्क में आए। उन्होंने उनके सुझावों का पालन किया और भारत की प्राचीन संस्कृति का प्रचार करने के लिए संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका गए।
1911 में लाला यूएसए गए। वहां वे औद्योगिक संघवाद में शामिल हो गए। उन्होंने ओकलैंड, कैलिफोर्निया में बाकुनिन संस्थान की स्थापना की और उन्होंने इसे 'अराजकता का पहला मठ' कहा। अराजकतावादी आंदोलन में शामिल होने के कारण लाला को स्टैनफोर्ड विश्वविद्यालय के प्रोफेसर के पद से इस्तीफा देना पड़ा था। कैलिफोर्निया में लाला हरदयाल ने भारतीय अमेरिकी किसानों के साथ घनिष्ठता स्थापित की और उनकी मदद से उन्होंने भारतीय छात्रों के लिए गुरु गोविंद सिंह छात्रवृत्ति की स्थापना की।
भारत में लॉर्ड हार्डिंग पर हुए हमले की घटना ने उन पर बहुत प्रभाव डाला। वे इस घटना से इतने उत्साहित थे कि बिना देर किए उन्होंने भारतीय समुदाय को संबोधित करने के लिए नालंदा क्लब छात्रावास का दौरा किया। वहां उन्होंने भारतीयों से भारतीय स्वतंत्रता के लिए कड़ा संघर्ष करने का आह्वान किया।
1913 में लाला हरदयाल ने भारत में ब्रिटिश शासन के खिलाफ पूरी दुनिया के भारतीयों को संगठित करने के लिए गदर पार्टी के गठन में अग्रणी भूमिका निभाई। 1914 में उन्हें उनकी राजनीतिक गतिविधियों के लिए अमेरिकी सरकार द्वारा गिरफ्तार किया गया था। सौभाग्य से वे जमानत पर रिहा हो गये। फिर वे बर्लिन, जर्मनी चले गए। उन्होंने लगभग दस वर्षों तक स्वीडन में भारतीय दर्शनशास्त्र के प्रोफेसर के रूप में काम किया। 1920 के दशक के अंत में लाला हरदयाल एक बार फिर संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका गए और कैलिफोर्निया विश्वविद्यालय, बर्कले में संस्कृत के प्रोफेसर के रूप में कार्य किया।
सादा जीवन और उच्च विचार उनके जीवन का आदर्श था। जब वे मार्टीनिक गए तो तपस्या का जीवन जीने लगे। कुछ समय के लिए वह हवाई के होनोलूलू गए। वहां उन्होंने अपना समय वैकिकि बीच पर ध्यान में बिताया। उनके सरल जीवन और बौद्धिक अंतर्दृष्टि ने विदेशों में रहने वाले कई भारतीयों को ब्रिटिश साम्राज्यवाद के खिलाफ लड़ने के लिए प्रेरित किया। एक लोकप्रिय अमेरिकी विद्वान ने उन्हें एक महान 'क्रांतिकारी, बौद्ध और शांतिवादी' कहा। स्वामी राम तीर्थ के शब्दों में, 'लाला हरदयाल सबसे महान हिंदू थे जो कभी अमेरिका आए थे।
54 वर्ष की आयु में इस महान आत्मा ने 4 मार्च 1939 को अमेरिका के फिलाडेल्फिया में इस भौतिक संसार को छोड़ दिया। वे अपनी मातृभूमि भारत के सच्चे सपूत थे। हर भारतीय को उन पर गर्व है। भारत का इतिहास उन्हें और उनके योगदान को कभी नहीं भूलेगा।
Sandal S Anshu, Satna


Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sandal S Anshu is a mechanical engineer. He is an M.A. in English too. At present he is an aspirant of UPSC. He has deep interest in History & English Literature.

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