ब्लैक डेथ (काली मौत)

Hareshwar Roy,

 ब्लैक डेथ (काली मौत)

ब्लैक डेथ एक विनाशकारी वैश्विक महामारी थी। इसने यूरोप और एशिया को प्रभावित किया। आज के वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार यह प्लेग येर्सिना पेस्टिस नामक बेसिलस के कारण फैला। फ्रांसीसी जीवविज्ञानी एलेक्जेंडर यर्सिन ने 19वीं शताब्दी के अंत में इस रोगाणु की खोज की थी।

1348 के अगस्त में यह ब्लैक डेथ आई। कहा जाता है कि इसने एशिया से यूरोप की यात्रा की। इस भयानक महामारी ने यूरोपीय इतिहास की धारा ही बदल दी। इसने यूरोपीय आबादी के आधे से अधिक का सफाया कर दिया। यह पिस्सू द्वारा फैलाया गया था। पीड़ितों के शवों को सामूहिक कब्रों में दफनाया गया। उस समय का चिकित्सा विज्ञान असहाय हो गया था।
हेनरी नाइटन नाम के एक अधिकारी ने बताया था कि ब्रिस्टल की लगभग पूरी ताकत मर गई थी। उनके अनुसार कभी-कभी मौत चंद घंटों में ही हो जाती थी।
ए हिस्ट्री ऑफ इंग्लिश लिटरेचर में आर्थर कॉम्पटन रिकेट ने लिखा है कि इस विलक्षण मृत्यु दर का परिणाम श्रम की अचानक कमी थी। कानून की मदद से मजदूरी को नियंत्रण में रखने का प्रयास किया गया। क़ानूनों की एक श्रृंखला अधिनियमित की गई थी।
इतालवी कवि गियोवन्नी बोकाशियो ने बताया है कि यह रोग पुरुषों और महिलाओं को समान रूप से प्रभावित करता है। कपड़ों को छूने मात्र से स्पर्श करने वाले को व्याधि का संचार हो जाता था।
Location: B-37, City Homes Colony, Jawahar Nagar Satna, Madhya Pradesh, India
Dr. Hareshwar Roy beautifully connects global research with local literature. Born in 1964 in Jamuaon (Bhojpur, Bihar), he studied at Patna University and earned his Ph.D. from APS University, Rewa. Currently, he serves as Professor of English at Government P.G. College Satna, Madhya Pradesh. Dr. Roy bridges two worlds: in class, he explains international migration and literary history, while in his heart, he keeps the rich spirit of the Bhojpuri language alive. He has published over 45 research papers focused on Indian Diaspora Writing. As an author in English, he has written Diasporic Articulation in the Novels of M.G. Vassanji, A Study of M.G. Vassanji's Novels, Varieties of Indianity in the Works of M.G. Vassanji and Rohinton Mistry, Diaspora and Indian Diaspora: A Brief Study, Short Notes of English Literature - I and Short Notes of English Literature - II. Rooted in his soil, he is a celebrated Bhojpuri poet featured on 'Kavita Kosh' and in popular collections like Hamar Pahchan Ha Bhojpuri, Hamra Pyar Ho Gail, and Bhojpuri Kavitayein. Ultimately, his life and writings serve as an inspiring example of how academic scholarship and local roots thrive together perfectly.

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Hareshwar Roy,
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Hareshwar Roy,
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Hareshwar Roy,
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CCE Questions for MA Eng. Lit. Sem I (NEP) [PG 2 Year] - 2026

Hareshwar Roy,
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Hareshwar Roy,
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